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J 1.* ' ’

wmblo Lao BerghoU, r ! %,Q. /kej?

i Coaaul flonarai; y 29 l9\9 7

Seoul, Korea. M I*** /

\)% . i>iO W .tt*

■'WVr O

1919

Betr Mr. Benzol* i-

e planneJ for the opening of the new ter* of College ar j Academy on April 4th after
t:.* vasetioa which began ^*rch 5 h, when the student* had been 'li^^isae^ earlier than

ted and diploiaus were given without graduation ©scrciae* because the night bet ?re \
the 1 r alt cites ware Txbitpd alter midnight by too tirrneu slth :lu.a a\d sor. of tht \
rTor.te dragged out an! beaten. Oa_Apr3 1 ^nd and drd ii-.are ^ -i ..vat 'tin canvass of
t.no cl tv house* and at u jet us fr a •'haulc.ii scoots were .-rrr.jt », a jf t'noTbsates
a nu» s.*on dl s-iissod and others detained under arrest. 7orJ f:m. V* : Chief of Tolico to
ono of our Japanese pr^fousora was that itudoatu ontoring school for the new % era jusot
be sent to the Police Stati >n where ti.ey wo, ad be c.Tsiain »d. Aa in the wind* of ell
r. icn arrest was us. alLy acc >mp ulud ?ith beatin- tuil hinkU' ar..* such Rlst citn rt

any Investigation >r inquiry aa to conduct, it vw i i ,s ibl.o to a* 'eat any »tu-
it» to enroll. An^ so for th Ao.vJ 3. ay tw * stud?. its cn*oo, , f i . r ntujeai and one
new one/ they disappearing, however, upon t ice o. the i’rcfec Us interpret

•** with srards who C'xie to enq ire as to the prospects of ayeulug the school. At t i
(Jollegd ooe eta dent 'aio but left at once upon he* _* OiiioXf of Police hal

sUi. WWtfasr this w3a .ten’nj to prevent. the > ;nLo; ' schools I Uo not know but
it may account for the no a- enrol) neat of stulsoty.

T int afternoon A ril 4th about 4.3o P.ii. when most jf the ^icoUnaries hal gath -red
*3r * meeting at mre. lolicroltis hone, a cord>a of police and gendarmes was

suddenly picketed all about onr property, aai psorutrjlurn ani police rad goodar-aca aaA
br,jan to eearen our residences. We were tel-phonei t> fr. * one of the houses. I im-
mediately went to ay house, found the coapouaj gate* eh-rt a.c^ geniurstes on guard, about
t?-*nty police and geaJarais picketing t * 3 > rio n-I anJ u; »n goim^lato t ho ho me I
found ay ^fe and chi • dron watching ao^e si .ft m to twenty g r.dar-ace police a id det«c-
tivoa in cfear ge of a .r,c.;r*tor and hla Interyroter already searching three rooms. I
nsiced the headman if ho na-^ a search warrant and he he replied; " ?o, it is not ncc*ssar?‘
I *aj| i cannot give my consent to the a arch.- K* th n pr/e ^ hie e»rd ar.f I ssldi
Of course you can fir Ibiy escrch but it wiU.be with ;ay consent. " Hr Siild that
that wd»»id be alright. (I judge that ao he eaa a proevrat?r hx . the.. I yol ri ht to
so arch yen without ay consent, j Thoy spread through too whole- houe^ and la ay study
an lh ;.',rs. iioffett'j. barroom xuide a iscat thorough search of A us, rawere, bureaus, pa?
pors, letters, etc., ev n going ieto ..y prupariy de-.ds and the safe.

Yh-y w©re not rude nor dieresysetful and one sai d..'that he did not lliro the job but
had to io as ho was ordered. However iV wus anj^hlng but oleasant to nve tb\ endure
t^e indignity of having twenty of floors, ^ewdartocs, 3*0.1. ?tectivoe take pcs'dssicn

of everything in >rdor to find nrnctxcaliy nothing. Jja -Z' Wt* iy a*£>n;T nj eecrrtary's
'a per* in the drawer of' his deauk they fos*nd the XhlLowi g inocuiaoquential thiego:
a. A copy of tho pragma of the trine* 'VI UenorlailAinvic? .ani tb - -ladectnidenec service
of K^rch lot written in ink in Korean, lx at Anj ’

2. A small piece of paper «*itn a »tate«ent in r l0roan *S the amber of kiUod.and

the numbers of th ’flo who had to en pau-t from the several villege* of AoJh, in the "daswns*
tr^tl -n. • ;

3. An envelope dircctei to the Theological Strata ary* co-lag through the mail with
atau^ an* pj staler a oa it, cental log five eopiaa-of dthe Inde .e.-id^noe Tirwspapor. This

i erj when I was 1 rc Seoul anl wag tn tho Secretary's desk w h«ra my K )fcan letters
are lacuj.

Ho as of tho abdire hal I ever peon before aad the rucurator's internreter sftorwarjs
told ma that my secretary also denied knowledge of the first tw-,.

After s aiohing the ho.de they s-iirched tb« out-huil jingst‘ the gveet hous- and an
empty Koroan house in V--» lower part of ay conpon^ii “'here t»y Bible tt man and iier c n,
my secretary ha’ ll»'H for yoars and wVilch they a^nlo had pcrmUsiun to occupy. As
we trying to open t >e front deox’ of the gi-ect hous •; ay secretary eamo out of the

back roon wher'. a pareutly ho had been slopping for several nights. (I did not m w
J tMa run, although he had had *y per^ssjL o since /ebruary to rcoocupy

ii«»# hou *0 la tha lo*„r w
to th«> atatoaunt ot uy

1 ?? hous# "i‘aro "• nat f r *or*y 11**4. , that la to .

t of tl„, oompoMiJ Tboy aalict Mm, tied hi® an' accordt«a. ♦ th ♦ « •— f

.V1 !?“* ’ -ay 1MI*1U *°* a « It), thoy hit kl^ ^ ^ t0 tHw Ot uy

> 3«Ufe *»« OAo raua hit him acIN.ith, CU tl ^ ’

r tnrr 1 *» »h., »•«•* two .onto. ,f , *" *h«

?4M up lato « amall bail mU tl.r.wn *«». m 5 . h 1 not! an, in Korean, thin pafcar
deemed that aavaral of

in that nasty h,-... J. of .our.*, JnS £SJ5T5 U on ^ 1? t"’ *?? «*«i.an

d 'na *“rlnS V »ln« i«/. .bamaa U b.»ui, M-S.h i‘v i„ 4\t ’r!,b««/

• •• *■

■ y Nnta| fn. .Ja.dJ*h.,r;r;ja\:VLJr;^r.*r M*1.?0** *' *.U.o w

C1 * (* v^maa) and « y un^ maa, aili.s Salarn’o aarp»i>n * t.»ay \h% matron,

. carefully. At «r. Uinry '« th^ «“.iSV|lZT2r?taV2^ ! *■“. **°» »ir

• £3" i««» « tfco polio. ojl. h, I'Z l' !{;tj! ,Ki **■

OPUnlng af abool that day, aleu a etud--.it h J j !♦ ? * * ,rs|r* th* WMipml ab,ut thn

«"*• to tall Mr, M,*r, SSJ Li. raioa-u I *22 I*! « rtU*^4 fr * ^ •"« ^

fltllla hiiBo t' ay irroitM * b v *1. , 1..4 v r • M* * rotary# At

• *»*&*. .tud,nt iz*ul :»X:h‘Jr *%r far *.

fjr«,rly a rtud.at bnrg. T',«.» turVwd Ui » ? iC*^4 ‘ **»«•»♦ fr «..il,

‘ <<•« pr.y.r-a»tu^. Xn R^U, r'l ,X ’,h Hl‘r* »« ’ * *

hl«, rt.OA* RLn U tbn w1 f "*>' **»•" .« to boat

»^4 M„rai .U-W. At JJP. B Jr", ,1!, ^ I W ”> thl

•ewatary fop iUm, y a atvUoat • ;» m» a«tlai{ a«

^ X,u* * *«*>" tlj.jra 4aa a »tlvl + vp 0J about an v a/ t ,

o 1 thvm havlaa raguiap **+*— or in

ful aX alawXul tu atUd»f »,^rlhoa wJK»lh»IIl thf^ fJW*»**i4a foar

•aoapo aapturo. Thay aiaroha m/ o ,.k *i«., a. ^ ••IM* hid «n4 tri»i to

taolr /.aptUaa and -TUymaro^ w?t

•aim onra >h am braakln*: i t , n± w» J tJl ? ^-Itaciaa Irom wiiah th«y to..« anotbar
X *m tjld arra.tod a .^h23Tm for >T,faoW.
tvi mlmoographa Xroii my atud/ V.^Hoh^I^^T J'F**??0*' I™ ***'*’ *n'* 4sV4,t to t%kfl
•Jit I could gat tie *J,t day ’at ^ ^t«b th-y

° Loc*. Mr. M i«vry VUaphiaod a, that a Tfr ,* thn b!t/T,,im i<,V#:a ^ clsHt

>ila an* .to to 30 -dren. x /a, v tha« T -F '* 'tJn /ul'J#,<?Xfic« hml coma taking

ahown 1 oto a anuai r o,, nh^m o .ro tbr*^ 1 * *** ' ' a U"‘ ***** wop#

utoa baX.rj Mr. Mo^ry rraa callnt out for SildLSu! ^ iof ttlrty-fiva mint

wera talking W«UMr } n- TnuU •)* ********** siting rn

talk." fluppriaod. X r lulled "whnt r ° pr,Xl‘'-CAon aald, f*fou mp« act all**** to

nalv&i irfcSSraSSS^ « stsru,

c th. ti« .ajtotip ad irt/o/noi^i V *lM 4 ^ ,ir «

qo.tltnu, ..kins parti. marly .bout "T* T"'T pUlt* •"* ycr/ potntd In thnl

deocn M.tinH ol Urc * J .L,^ Ij «f ■>«* « r.n-otl in with th. Indnom-

b»yo of thn hou.n in whloh h^h*?^ b*.n l^t^ihhi\1>tln>r'0n “T pl*<1*' “i *b,ut th*
Wltoout (AJ Icnowi-jdi'# .hlu* *ha b#^ d ^bather ha could hav** ha l th* uan of the key

tn.wx d,;/..Tiho '.It i, *2? "•• »r »‘'->8r..nh.,.hnt,„r with .ny nnnnont nnd

f,JDj 1« ftaoratary*# daek In my ctudv an?"nhv^Ui* Mk# 1 th>,t th*» tbran pa par a

■f «y Slbl. w.aun „• 1, y •b,*n‘1* t« S««l, «bot thin,, rln.

yit.d to bn vary wjlthy wnf^ " ?y fl,Un,1‘1 »'» ltl .n, ,.y,ni; th,t x r„
l.nm.d that I kon- 'e Af\’r," *,“ur' : »''••*' '>»*■« in wt.iah thoy

*oythl ,, which nuiy hov. hnnn q,m,, b„ ., , , , '*n w,‘ ,r‘ n'> w»/ • ’»rt/ to or ka*w

■1 "laograph. ( th. „erotary Jv«^ W. /' fl T ^ °T 00 tho !*aaa ®r «WI> -V
wirk) that X had *t,y.i i„ s,,,,,! ‘ *, Jn®'1 Ja ta th-. alaojjr. h for ...rntarlol

Ro.pltsl and that th. lanl in m nomo r »n"ih * w>/': f 'r ■/ *»d ohlld at th.

in ly nnao - a. th. pro .rty of thn h,«rd of *l,.i„r' ,r »<.

^iuin*b”tw* 7 “l3n:iri ^ rM°*^ s ;^h:r- ■•"■/ »«• >• it

ai«ht. Mi iii?:,: •«* -ith « ,„. ,h lt J ;n th- *• ** r^;*

X«',V ~

.^.“a^rwziif s “v-“ s-i? ■?,£’ r •-*'“

ssm?j? atpv i? :;: ra^3«reSf?*s ft-

tri# that Mr. Howry ha^no/go^k Ab°Ut *eY0n °'ai°ck Hr*? “Jrnln« h*l

E»»ted that ho c t ,r *“i 4 ^ h°“e G'ld aa«4 if I hod. Ho *Z7+Ul*?hoa*S **• *«*>*

•ituotina ond if L uall^l§^ *** at onc« S* to tlto LifL ^ me ** * Mg-

SrtfcSS5“{ 2,! t^X^J telegraph

S.turd.y .ft-rnoon, April 5th „ . T8r* V in8*

*“'•*■'**"*• Sl6it6' r;1“ “*• *M» ®nook*r

th, tr^rtiWr hT “ ,Sr*y iririilS11- "9rtl"« »«

fr^’thTcil'l^'tn*^"*'1, hta^ i^Ho^ WaV"u ^3*"®

tro hi .^if t. thI ;.CaiDa to *r* MeHurtrlo's and * Z***!' wh* «ra4,,«to-

... ,T_ . Up 13 tho polica *nrf n ♦ * . 8 aa,i ***■« that ho though* «♦ k-... .

. o.iiai

*-t T, tTt? ‘ \ , try ‘9 -=* • M «rro»t* “ ** *9

zi/z* *•>•* thi. wine m.

•tu^t,. ksek in Mi -• * ■>*

waring s ^tsESSS^?^^ fti

SsSSggSS'gs- -

Thig i3 ax! j ^ RX* oe hod hidden ond

LrZMl k S;:riir;"^ ix-.'hS5 ^ ,tUK tb*

Diablo to the 1 **. Al va '«wrj hog dono anything which r

P.S. i

Your. T-ry .inc.roly,

(Si^paed,

*”Wne T’U h8r"lth **" oopie. of this 1 attar.

Pyengyang, Korea

April 7, 1919

Samuel A. Moffett

Honorable Leo Bergholz

American Consul General, Seoul, Korea

Dear Mr. Bergholz:-

On April 2nd and 3rd there was a systematic canvass of the city houses and students from
Mission schools were arrested, some of them beaten, some soon dismissed and others detained
under arrest. Word from the Chief of Police to one of our Japanese professors was that students
entering school for the new term must be sent to the Police Station where they would be
examined. As in the minds of all, such arrest was usually accompanied with beating and kicking
and such mistreatment before any investigation or inquiry as to conduct, it was impossible to
expect any students to enroll. And so for the Academy two students came, one former student
and one new one, they disappearing, however, upon the appearance of the Prefect and his
interpreter with swords who came to inquire as to the prospects of opening the school. At the
College one student came but left at once upon hearing what the Chief of Police had said.

That afternoon, April 4th, about 4:30 p.m. when most of the missionaries had gathered for
a prayer meeting at Mrs. Holdcroft’s home, a cordon of police and gendarmes was suddenly
picketed all about our property, and procurators and police and gendarmes began to search our
residences. We were telephoned to from one of the houses. I immediately went to my house,
found the compound gates shut and gendarmes on guard, about twenty police and gendarmes
picketing the compound and upon going into the house I found my wife and children watching
some sixteen to twenty gendarmes, police and detectives in charge of a procurator and his
interpreter already searching three rooms. I asked the headman if he had a search warrant and he
replied: “No, it is not necessary.” I said, “I cannot give my consent to the search.” He then gave
me his card and I said: “Of course you can forcibly search but it will be without my consent.” He
said that that would be alright. (I judge that as he was a procurator he had the legal right to
search even without my consent.) They spread through the whole house and in my study and in
Mrs. Moffett’s bedroom made a most thorough search of desks, drawers, bureaus, papers, letters,
etc., even going into my property deeds and the safe.

They were not rude nor disrespectful and one said that he did not like the job but had to
do as he was ordered. However, it was anything but pleasant to have to endure the indignity of
having twenty officers, gendarmes, police and detectives take possession of everything in order
to find practically nothing. In my study among my secretary’s papers in the drawer of his desk
they found the following inconsequential things:

1. A copy of the program of the Prince Yi Memorial service and the Independence service of
March lsl written in ink in Korean.

A small piece of paper with a statement in Korean of the number of men killed and the numbers
of those who had taken part from the several villages of Anju, in the demonstration.

3. An envelope directed to the Theological Seminary, coming through the mail with stamp and
postmark on it, containing five copies of the Independence Newspaper. This had come when I
was in Seoul and [it] was in the Secretary’s desk where my Korean letters are placed.

4/07/1919 - p.2 S.A.M.

None of the above had I ever seen before and the procurator’s interpreter afterwards told
me that my secretary also denied knowledge of the first two.

After searching the house they searched the out-buildings, the guest house and an empty
Korean house in the lower part of my compound where my Bible woman and her son, my
secretary had lived for years and which they again had permission to occupy. As we were trying
to open the front door of the guest house my secretary came out of the back room where
apparently he had been sleeping for several nights. (I did not know he had occupied this room,
although he had had my permission since February to reoccupy the Korean house where he had
formerly lived - that is to say, this house in the lower part of the compound.) They seized him,
tied him and according to the statement of my two sons who saw it (I did not see it), they hit him,
kicked him, punched him, his nose bleeding, and one man hit him across the cheek with a short
whip. In the empty Korean house referred to they found two copies of a mimeographed notice in
Korean, thin paper rolled up into a small ball and thrown away. The detective told me that a boy
had confessed that several of them had taken my mimeograph from the study and printed notices
in that empty house. I, of course, knew nothing of it and if true it was probably done during my
nine days absence in Seoul, March 17th to 26th.

While searching my house, the houses of Miss Snook, Mr. Mowry, Mr. Gillis, Mr.
McMurtrie, Mr. Reiner, Dr. Baird and the Foreign School Dormitory were also searched. Miss
Butts refused permission to search that house as they had no warrant and their supply of
procurators being short, there was no procurator in that party of police and they refrained from
searching her house. At Miss Snook’s house they arrested the matron, cook (a woman) and a
young man, Miss Salmon’s secretary, searching Miss Salmon’s room very carefully. At Mr.
Mowry’s they arrested a teacher of the City Church School who was leaving just as the police
came, he having come to see Mr. Mowry, the principal, about the opening of school that day, also
a student who had just been released from jail and had come to tell Mr. Mowry about his release.

I think another boy was taken there and I understand they expressed disappointment at not
finding Mr. Mowry’s Secretary. At Mr. Gillis’ house they arrested a boy who had been working
in his garden for two weeks, a theological student from the country who had come in, and a
medical student from Seoul, formerly a student here. These three had hidden in the house before
Mr. Gillis returned from prayer meeting. In Mr. Reiner’s yard, who had been somewhere on the
compound and who was trying to escape, [a young man] gave himself up to the gendarmes who
proceeded to beat him, strike him in the head and knock him down, after which they kicked him
in the head several times. At Dr. Baird’s they arrested a College student who was acting as
secretary for him.

So far as I know, there was nothing wrong about any of these, being on our places or in
our houses, most of them having regular occupations. But as the whole population is fearful of
unlawful beatings, some of them when they saw the police coming, hid and tried to escape
capture. They searched my cook also but did not arrest him. They marched off with their
captives and went through the Seminary dormitories from which they took another mimeograph
and breaking two windows in the Southern Presbyterian Cottage for Professors I am told arrested
a man who had gone in there. Three men came back and asked to take the mimeographs from

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4/07/1919 - p. 3 S.A.M.

my study, to which I consented, asking for a receipt, which they said I could get the next day at
the police office. That night between seven and eight o’clock, Mr. Mowry telephoned me that a
messenger from the police office had come asking him and me to go down. I met them at my
gate and we went down together. We were shown into a small room where were three police and
sat down waiting for thirty-five minutes before Mr. Mowry was called out for examination.

While waiting we were talking together in English when one of the policemen said, “You are not
allowed to talk.” Surprised, I replied, “What, are we under arrest?” He jumped up at once, and
said “wait a minute”, went out and came back shortly saying, “Never mind, it is all right.” I
replied, “Of course it is,” and we continued our conversation. After Mr. Mowry was called out I
was kept waiting another hour and was then called out for examination before the procurator and
his interpreter who had searched my house, also a scribe [?] and for a part of the time another
elderly official. They were very polite and very pointed in their questions, asking particularly
about my knowledge of or connection with the Independence meeting of March 1st, about my
secretary, his being on my place, and about the keys of the house in which he had been and
whether he could have had the use of the key without my knowledge, ab out the use of my
mimeographs, whether with my consent and knowledge as to the use to which they had been put.
They asked about the three papers found in my Secretary’s desk in my study and about my
absence in Seoul, about the salaries of my Bible woman and secretary and my own financial
condition, saying that I was reputed to be very wealthy, owning much land. After an hour’s
questioning in which they learned that I knew nothing, had consented to nothing and was in no
way a party to or knew anything which may have been done by my secretary or others on the
place or with my mimeograph (the secretary always having full access to the mimeograph for
secretarial work), that I had stayed in Seoul on account of medical work for my wife and child at
the Hospital and that the land in my name was the property of the Board of Missions of the
Church and of Schools, they finished the examination.

I then made request for a policeman to accompany me and Mr. Mowry home as it was
nearly midnight and a missionary had recently been stopped at night on the way to the railway
station by two Japanese armed with clubs and it was not safe for foreigners to be out at night.
They said there was no danger but I called their attention to the fact that the Japanese papers were
publishing abusive articles about us and that the low class Japanese had great hatred towards us.
They consented to send a policeman asking me to wait a little while, and I was shown into the
main office of the police station where I saw sitting on the floor at one end the group of students
and secretaries who had been arrested that afternoon and Dr. Baird’s translator who had been
arrested the night before. I asked if I might speak to them but was refused permission to do so.
After waiting some twenty minutes the procurator and his interpreter came in and said that they
would send a policeman home with me. I suggested that I wait for Mr. Mowry but they said that
his examination was not yet finished and that I had better go first. I then asked to see Mr. Mowry
to tell him that I was going out and would relieve his wife’s anxiety by telling her that they would
send a policeman with him a little later. One said, “He is now being examined but I will tell
him.” I then went, accompanied by a Korean policeman, but could not waken Mrs. Mowry so
went home. I did not sleep well and in the morning had a hard headache so stayed in bed. About
seven o’clock Mrs. Mowry telephoned Mr. McMurtrie that Mr. Mowry had not come home and
asked if I had. He came to see me and I suggested that he get Mr. Bemheisel and at once go to

4/07/1919 - p. 4 S.A.M.

the police station, ascertain the situation and if Mr. Mowry were under arrest, to ask the nature of
the charges, telegraph you at once, ask to see Mr. Mowry and send him food. Mr. Bemheisel will
write you what followed. I hope that I have not written in too great detail but it seems better to
write some things which may seem of trivial import rather than leave out the very things you may
wish to know.

Saturday afternoon, April 5lh, five of those arrested were released, Miss Snook’s matron,
cook, Miss Salmon’s secretary, the City School teacher, Mr. Gillis’ working boy and Dr. Baird’s
secretary; and on Sunday morning Dr. Baird’s translator was released, the translator reporting
that while he was not beaten the others had been shamefully beaten while being examined.
Saturday afternoon Mr. Mowry’s secretary, who graduated from the College in March, came to
Mr. McMurtrie’s and said that he thought it best to give himself up to the police and not to try to
escape from arrest. We then arranged that Mr. Bemheisel should go to the police office, Dr.
Moore [J.Z. Moore, Methodist] taking him down in his auto and report to the police that this
secretary was ready to deliver himself up if they would send out a man for him. Dr. Moore
brought the man, a detective who knows all the students, back in his auto, and Mr. Mowry’s
secretary, Yi Po Sik, came out from Mr. McMurtrie’s and gave himself up. Mr. McMurtrie
accompanied him and the detective in the auto to the police station and we thus secured him
immunity from beating on the way. The secretary did this on his own initiative. He asked me for
advice, but I told him that he would have to decide for himself. When the police came on Friday,
he had hidden and escaped arrest.

This is all I need to report now. I shall write you later commenting on the situation. I
would say, however, that personally I do not believe Mr. Mowry has done anything which
renders him liable to the law.

Yours very sincerely,

Samuel A. Moffett

P.S. I am sending you herewith three copies of this letter.

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(carbon copy in the Samuel Hugh Moffett collection of Samuel Austin Moffett papers)

Pyengyang, Korea

no date listed

Charles F. Bemheisel

Hon. Leo Bergholz, American Consul General, Seoul, Chosen
Dear Sir:

Dr. S.A. Moffett having sent you a report of the events up to the time when he left Mr.
Mowry at the Police Station in Pyengyang [Friday night, April 4,h], I will carry on through the
next day, Saturday April 5th.

Mr. Mowry, not having returned home from the police office by breakfast time Saturday
morning, Mr. McMurtne and the writer went down to the police office to inquire. They told me
that he had been examined there the previous night and being found guilty of crime had been sent
to the prison. They refused to tell us what the charge against him was. They told us to seek any
further information from the court house of the prison.

On the way to the prison we stopped at the post office to send you a telegram that Mr.
Mowry was imprisoned.

At the prison they [confirmed that] Mr. Mowry was there but could not give us any
information concerning him but referred us to the public procurator. We then went to see this
official. When asked as to the reasons for the imprisonment he said the question was now being
inquired into and until the inquiry was finished he could not specify the charge. Asked whether
he was liable to be confined for some time or not the reply was that many persons were
concerned in the affair all of whom would have to be examined so that it would probably take a
long time to finish the examination. He gave us a paper to see the prison officials allowing us to
go in and see Mr. Mowry. Mr. McMurtrie went on home but I went to the prison and after
waiting an hour or so was granted an interview with Mr. Mowry. We were required to converse
in the Korean language and nothing was to be said about the case.

Mr. Mowry said that he was in a room by himself which room was very good except that
there was a privy in one comer from which bad odors arose. He said that the attendant was a
very kind man and that he was being very well treated. He said to tell his wife that he was all
right and for her not to worry about him.

The interview being at an end I came away. The prison officials requested that his meals
be sent him from his home and this [is] being done. Bedding and magazines were allowed to be
sent in to him but they refused to allow a cot, a chair and a bottle of medicine to go in.

They said there is a doctor in the prison and that in case of illness the doctor would give
his services.

Very respectfully submitted,

C. F. Bemheisel

(carbon copy in the Samuel Hugh Moffett collection of Samuel Austin Moffett papers)

A \

April 8, 1919.

)0N SDC AND YI YONG CHDC
919

SiifTPPrls r>

a perfect w ARREST 0F ^ERlCvN MFs^lov.
h AKY IN PYONGYAN J.

—

It iS DEVELOPMENT OF AGITATION AFFAIR

it no little j

made the d The Kci)0 Nipp' P" ,!,l» *•* * py<> g y*'*g

“ telegram to Clio effect I li» t i’ became known,
I b rough the Confession of certain Koreans
Tod arrested in Pyongyang in connection with
response. I the agitation, that Kim Taiaul and ten otner
children vie lexers of the recent riot were in hiding
places with
Our view is.

s*rds with the times; and a Government
1 5 way is not in keeping with the age it is not
| ;ople [happy] it is not a good government.

j to Japan and though there has resulted from
of abuses, still it cannot be said to have

either in the resrhures of the Kev 111. M
Mowiy or in ceitain oilier houses
— r On Saturday afternoon, at 4 the Pub'ic
repress It fui l*r, curators gave ordure to the gendarmes
River the W c and police for thi'if arrest, and all were
return. Wei s-cured. As evi fence, tlie police seized
ibrre Copying prisses and Copies of some
Then ^00uments H* die resideuce of the Kev D.
repression ^rt,uuel A. Moffett aud at Suugvui Girls'
School. Kim and his party w<-re students
misgivings. ofSuogsil University, h mission school in
the Other han Pyongyang, aud took a lending part in the
and never CO recent agitation.

The Rev. E. M. Mowry was also arosled
on the charge of sheltering breaker s ol the
law

The J

order that th

AQU A ITON IN CHOSEN

tongue with
underlies the

Oi Satuidiy ah nit 600 agitators galliei-
The J e(l Siklyoug in Kyoogki I'nviuoi and
Sympathy. V ra,,,k K disturbance. Order w is restored

the prisons 00 0,IB ri ’ter ki|kd an'1 3 others
Government wounded K""8 were h|8u lhe

, «*me day at Lei-ao aud Chyongsan, hob

rea u stor j„ youth Cbooogchoog Provi oj. At ih-
former town three Koreans ’were Wounded
Neve by shots fired by guardians of th-» pe Oft
down, the gr *ut^ Rt ,*le •**tter there were two oisuilties
the manifest Iu N,,r*h py°"8*" Proviuoi K wangs mg
you may cha UJ^,n Hud Pu*t0*“ ' 8aw (lis»rd-riyderam-

W d “I H Strations on Saturday, wi h the result tint
* ^ 4 demanstr «tors were killed an I 6 wounded

numbering. at the former village, while eight were
wounded at the latter A large crow 1 of
A m< attacked the pdine st .tioi at

Haaang in Ulsan District 8 uih Kyong-
sang Province. 8hots fi.-ed by the police-
men wounded eight Koreans

n in the street ten thousand voices answer in
ites to its echo, and even the women and the
ien those in the front fall others take their
the reason for such a state of things as this?
to the point of bursting, and being unable to
and like the overflowing of the Whang-Ho
iving broken away, its power will brook no
is it not rather the mind of God Himself?

today, one a kind way and one the way of
’the and comfort so as to remove fears and
o the demonstrations. The use offeree, on
' pieces, extinguish, will but rouse it the more
. :ause you will never settle the matter.

3red to them that they once possessed in
ey have nothing but bare hands, and a
You can tell by this that no wicked motive

rgive such as this, and view it With tender
5 arresting people right and left, till they fill
ntil they die violent deaths beneath it. The
y side, and we are unable to endure the

re, and the greater the force used to put it

' JAPANESE CHRISTIANS AND FOREIGN j cut
MI68IONAKIE8 IN PYONGYANG. ^

On Thursday l»sr, reports a Pyongyang | ^
message, nine delegates of Japanese Christi-
ans iu that city called on representative
foreign uiiss:i»nari.-s and advised them l»
dissuade their ll >cks from Inking part in
the agitation by pointing nut to them the
••‘v of the roiveineut. What answei
Jbe missionaries made is not as yet reported.

the

1 go
tain
the
•ding
tree

In a
>ng

iey

ide

ied;

April 8,

ARREST OF AMERICVN MI^IDN-
AKY IN I’YONOYAN i

DEVELOPM ENT OF AGITAIION A FF A I K

The Keijo Nipp> pub'ish-'* * Pyo gyi- g
telegram to the effect I h»L i> became known, :
lb rough the of oertnin Koreuna

arrested iu Pyongyang in oonnection will*
the agitation, that Kim Taisul and ten otner
lenders of the recent riot were in hiding
either in the rea:rl°nce« of the Rev E. M
Mowiy nr in ce'tain other houses :

On Saturday afternoon, Mt 4 tile Pub'ic
Pn curators gave ntd*rs to the geiuliirraea j
and police for tlleii arreat, and all were
8'Cured. As evi fence, the -police »eiz-’«I
tbrte copying presses and copies of some
’'documents at the residence of the Rev Di
Samuel A. Moffett aud at Sungeui Girls’
School. Kim and his party were students 1
of Sungsil University, a mission school in
Pyongyang, and took a leading part in the
recent agitation.

The Rev. E. M. Mowry was also an* sled
on the charge of sheltering hreaket s ol the
law

AGITA I ION IN CHOSEN

O i Satuid iy ab iut 600 agitators gathei -
ed at Siklyong in Kyongki Privinoi and
made a distu'banca. Order w is restored
on one ri >ter being killed and 3 others
wounded Hints were also reported the
same day at Lei-au aud Chyongsan, hob’
iu South Choongcliong Provi C-. At ih-
former town three Koreans were wounded
by shots fired by guardians of thn po c-*
aud at the Utter there were two cisuilties
Iu North Pyongan Provinc Kwangsoig
niy.in aud Pukchin saw dis ird -rly deru lu-
strations on Saturday, wi h the result th it
4 demaustr ttors were killed an I 5 wounded
at tlie former village, while eight were
wounded at the latter A Urge crow I of
Koreans attacked the pilioe gutio ■ at
Haaang iu Ulsni Distrio', S util Kyong-
saiig Province. 3hots fi.ed by the police-
men wounded eight Koreans

JAPANESE CHRISTIANS ANU FOREIGN
MISSION ARIES IN PYONGYANG.

On Thursday Ust. reports a Pyongyang
message, nine delegates of Japanese Christi-
ans iu that city called on representative
foreign misshinaries and advised them t»
dissuade their 11 .cks from taking part i»
the agitation by pointing out to them the
••••v of the ra.vemeut. What answo
Jhe missionaries made is not as yet reported-

PETITION BY VISCOUNTS KIM YOON SIK AND YI YONG CHIK

Apnl 9, 1919

A way of doing things is good only as it accords with the times; and a Government
succeeds only when it makes its people happy. If the way is not in keeping with the age it is not
a perfect way; and if a government fails to make a people [happy] it is not a good government.

It is now ten years since Korea was annexed to Japan and though there has resulted from
it no little profit to the people with the clearing away of abuses, still it cannot be said to have
made the people happy.

Today when the call for independence is given in the street ten thousand voices answer in
response. In ten days and less the whole nation vibrates to its echo, and even the women and the
children vie with each other to join in the shout. When those in the front fall others take their
places with no fear of death in their hearts. What is the reason for such a state of things as this?
Our view is, that having borne with pain and stifled to the point of bursting, and being unable to
repress it further, at last they have found expression and like the overflowing of the Whang-Ho
River the waves have broken all bounds, and once having broken away, its power will brook no
return. We call this an expression of the people, but is it not rather the mind of God Himself?

There are two ways of treating the conditions today, one a kind way and one the way of
repression. The liberal way should speak kindly, soothe and comfort so as to remove fears and
misgivings. But in that case there would be an end to the demonstrations. The use of force, on
the other hand, that would cut down, uproot, beat to pieces, extinguish, will but rouse it the more
and never conquer its spirit. If you do not get at the cause you will never settle the matter.

The people, now roused to action, desire restored to them that they once possessed in
order that the shame of their slavery be removed. They have nothing but bare hands, and a
tongue with which to speak the resentment they feel. You can tell by this that no wicked motive
underlies their thoughts.

The good and superior man would pity and forgive such as this, and view it with tender
sympathy. We hear, however, that the Government is arresting people right and left, till they fill
the prisons. There they whip, beat and torture them until they die violent deaths beneath it. The
Government also uses weapons till the dead lie side by side, and we are unable to endure the
dreadful stories we hear.

Nevertheless the whole state rises only the more, and the greater the force used to put it
down, the greater the disturbances. How comes it that you look not to the cause but think to cut
the manifestation of it by force? Though you cut down and kill those who rise up everywhere,
you may change the face of things but the heart of it never. Every man has written in his soul the
word “Independence”, and those who in their rooms shout for it are beyond the possibility of
numbering. Will you arrest and kill them all?

A man s life is not something to be dealt with as the grass that grows. In ancient times

the

£o

tain

the

•ding

iree

In a
mg

hey

ide

ded;

», „ Petition by Viscounts - d?

Mencus sa,d to King Soon of the Che Kingdom, “If by taking possession of the state you can
make the people of Yun happy, take possession, but if taking possession will render them
miserable, forbear to do it." Though Mencius thus spoke, the king paid no attention, and as a
result came to a place where he finally said he was greatly ashamed. This is indeed a milror
from history worthy to be looked into. Even the Sage cannot run counter to the times in which he
lives. We read [the] mind of God in the attitude of the people. If the people are not made happy
history tells us that there is no way by which their land can be held in possession. ^

We, your servants, have come on these times of danger and difficulty. Old and shameless
are we, for when our country was annexed we accepted the rank of nobility, held office and lived
in disgrace, till seeing these innocent people of ours in the fire and water, are unable to endure

fk rtf' r86' ThUS WC’ t0°’ m the PnVaCy °f °Ur r°0mS haVC Sh°Uted f0r indePe"dence just

Fearing not presumption on our part we speak forth our hearts in the hope that Your
Excellency will be in accord here with and let His Imperial Majesty know so that the Cabinet
may consider it and set right the cause, not by more soft words, nor by force, but in accord with
the opportunity that Heaven above grants and the wishes of the people speak. Thus may Japan
give independence to Korea and let her justice be known to the whole world including those
nations with whom she is in treaty relation. Undoubtedly, all will once again resume the light
and splendor of her way. Who will not look with praise and commendation on this act of yours?

f C’ iC°Ur servants’ behmd closed doors, ill and indisposed, and knowing not the mind of
the world, offer our poor woodsmen's counsel to the state. If you accede to it countless numbers
of people will be made happy, but if you reftise we two alone will suffer. We have reached the
bourne of life and so we offer ourselves a sacrifice for our people. Though we die for it we have
no complaints to make. In our sick chamber, with age upon us, we know not how to speak

persuasively. We pray Your Excellency to kindly give this your consideration. In a word this is
what our hearts would say.

(from the Samuel Hugh Moffett collection of Samuel Austin Moffett papers)

Translation of Judgment of Rev. E.M. Mo*ry.

Original domicile.
Residence.

Mansfield, Ohio, O.S.A.
Pyeng Yang, Korea.

In regard to the accusation of the concealment of culprits
Mr. Yendo, Procurator, having thoroughly examined the accused,
gives sentence as follows:

Main Sentence.

The accused is sentenced to six months penal servitude.

Reasons.

The accused is a minister in the Presbyterian Mission, and a professor of the
Soong Sil College established by the Mission.

Yi Posik, a senior, Kim Taisul, a junior, Yi Kyunho, a sophomore, and Kil
Chunkyung and Yi Insyun of the Soong Sil Academy being his friends, were free to go
in and out of his house. These five students on Marchlst met together with a certain
number of Christians of the Presbyterian Church in Pyeng Yang, in the grounds of the
Soong Tuk school, aiming at the declaration of Independence of Chosen. After reading
it they distributed Korean flags and circulars signed by Son Reiki and thirty-three
others. At this time they agreed upon the independence movement of Koreans, and
presented themselves at the mass-meeting to declare the independence ofl Chosen. In a
procession they 3houted "mansel", so that they disturbed the public peace of Pyeng
Yang.

Since the movement enexpectedly happened, these students knew the police
would be hunting for the offenders of the peace. And as Mr.Mowry is an American,
they asked him one after another to let them hide there for a while, thinking they
should be safe from arrest if in his house. In spite od his knowing that they had
engaged in the independence movement which lately occurred, and for which the
authorities were trying to catch them, Mr.Mowry gave them a place in which to hide
thus giving them an opportunity for continuing their unlawful acts. So they were
sheltered in his house one after another in succession; Yi Posik from March 5th to
the 14th, Kil Chunkyung from March 7th to the 9th, food and bedding being provided;
and Yi Insyun from April 1st to the 4th, Yi Kyunho from April 1st to the 2nd, Kil
Taisul from April 2nd to the 4th, bedding being provided.

Pyeng Yang, Korea. April 10, 1919.

Aran Horibe, Judge.

New York City,
iwn;

These are busy days and I have not been able to send to you

the information I should like to have sent.

I enclose copies of two statemrents drawn up by me which I think you should
have. They explain themselves.

Judgment was rendered on April 19th. and was for Six Months penal servitude.
Between the sudden trial and the judgment we had secured a lawyer and as soon
as Judgment was rendered an Appeal was filed and application made for release
on bail. Mr. Mowry was out on bail by two oclock on thw 19th.

The American Vice-Consul was present when judgment was given.

The Appeal trial will probably take place between May 1st. and 10th. and doubt
lees the result will be cabled to America. We understand the State Dept, is
communicating to you the information sent by the Consul- General.

unless of course for political reasons the powers that be decide that convic-
tion is necessary regardless of the evidence.

We are living in strange times and under strange conditions and do not know
what may come to pass.

There is much I want to write but cannot.

I am sending this to make' sure you get these documents.

Very sincerely

*' ‘t

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whs hell for trial, 1 ehouH be

- r *. oo r

* . e ::-rh, 1 rr
: ng that a c ’
ri«L wo«j.2 b*
1 j and at sue ■
rornir. of * ’
shortly bofor*
bold that nor;
into the coup*
[■rc3U/-:tcr, i -

r r\ 4 J jt A a . J I

•„r \ a tele ; c -■• aessage from the Ifeth. hospital -ay-

t n 1 t A. *1. > 1 . . V* N f

rr{. 5 * 1 er to toll ne that 1'r. ho* **;. 1
. ! i tpvf-rr' *' i 19 o’olock, Uo 15th. Coninf,' ir..li-ect-
;lfrt nr.*'cr', ' ' .\r* ly c-reHtcd the. report, but. on the
1 tn it'r. err .<■- ' • 1 and 1 went to the judicial buildin-j

* 0.cl^ j. ;r-i 1 arno-5 that t he public trial was to be

• . . c,,; t.i vH'UrtH 10 o'clock ve were requertpi to ;c
rcl- 'rKf-f*. " found the court convened with. ihr judje,

. ,ri or the bench, several Ml it *17 offic

'■ r ■ ■■■ ■ • ■ ■ nolo , six iferdariv.-s an' nol icer.cn on

■" !'1 ‘ ’ ‘ sr-e thirty or forty Korean and

-ah"]> Ur,r ’ l.L r jested to stand «P «"* ,'oll::w

J|,PM ,= ,r' • • ' ... - i , the Jtti fe thru an 5 .<er?reter:

in;- ejjirit Vs- ♦n.-ri ; 1 • >-t -

'.that is your r ' ft *• • .'••°»ry.

y b - ■* is your • > •

that is your , rf, sir," psy '*|'y Yar'li.

• bnre is Jr«w rraiJweel A. MapaMeli, ^io,U.S.

• ;l" 1 •- ” ;B0.W that ml ice were - -V- for

t, here you have vrnlanlor for th. feUonnt boys t | ril,

Kmnho Kit and Vi Tnc-yun fro™ ^ ’

, ; rif-rf for 10 luy ., m C!'j nfcyunr for J— 1 i^-.

• Dc ••'in anler8tand to't'lrooiSt of the trial in Korean?

0. Do you raise any object ..or

A. Ho.

<o.

school

w. ^Hcve you any decora t • one?

IaVe >'ou r8»e:VeI any run raiment? A, -
"* -J*«l *8 year religion? Christian.

. hat is your denomination? A. Presbyterian.

•• at education have you received? A, Primary school toddle
, '"oa er vollege, Ohio.ani Western Theological Seminary *Pi*t h
£- ;,0K ■«=«» nropertjr have you? A, About 2.000 yen. ' It*eb,»r«.*«.

Q' rtbat family? A. Wife and two children.

Ci, Do they live here? A. Yec.

U. Ahen did you ocs.e to Korea? A. 1909.

Q. For whet purpose? A. As a missionary.

Q. Dii you cctrie direct? A. Yes.

-*• Direct to PyengYang? A. Yes. *

f,8t has been i°ur occupation since coming to ,‘Pyong Yang?

A. Teacning in tae a*oong oil School. (Salon Christian College).

G. A hat is ycur relation to the church? A. Mo special relation.

G. What is your relation to the schools? A. Teacher in the Soong Sil

school, Principal of the Soong Tuk school. (Boys* orairmar school in City),
Principal ot the Soon*? liyun school, (3irl6* Gramma r school in City),

3. How long have yCu taught in the Soong Sil school? A. Since 1911J
■ Q* Continoualy? A. Yes, except one^epent in America.

0. Dii you teach in both College ani Academy? A. In' the College only,

3. What did you teech? A. Zoology, Physiology, Geology and English.

Q. Did you teach in the Theological Seminary? A. Ho.

G. Dii you teach ir the Coong Tuk school? A. Yes, a little- English,

Q, Do you kno?< li Poaik? A. Yes.

3. Dii you teach him? A. Yes.

G. had you specially friendly relations with hi*? A. as my

secretary.

Q. For how long. A. About six years.

G. Until when. A. Until my arrest..*"

G. Dii you give him any school expenses? A. Yes, for about 5. years.

Q. Do you know Kil ChinkyungV A. Yes.

G. Kbat was nis relation to you? A. I know hie very well* end his

brother was a special friend.. J

Q. fthat w a 8 hi3 brother's name. A. Ril Cbinhyung*

G. Dii you visit his house? A. (dii not hear answer?. ^

a. Did you give him school excanoes or any special teaching? A. No.

^ G. Do you know Yi Kyumho? A. Yes.

0. Had you specially taught him? A. Yes.

— 3 —

Q. Sere you particularly friendly? A. Yes.

G. . Did he visit year house? l . -Yes.

w G, Do you know \ri Inayun? A. Yog.

а. Had you any special relation to hie? A. i, v - a pupil, and I <new
him well in school and at the Central Church which we both attend.

б. Did yon provide him any school wxpenses or any special teaching? A. No.
&, Did he visit your house? A. Yes.,

Q. Do you know Kiir Taisul? A. Yes,

0., Did he also act as your secretary? A. Tee.

Q.; Did you furnish hio school expences? A. Only his salary as secretary.
Q. How much was that? A. Hr was paid by the -hour, ten sen per hour.

Q. What iii he do? A. Several kinds of work; translation and copying of

music.

Q. Was he at your house only during' the day? and at night at his house?

A, That was his custom. /”

Q. Sometimes did he sleep at your house. A. No,

Q. "/hen did he become your secretary? A, The 19th of January.

Q. Did you go to the Goong Tuk school on March 1st? A.. No,.

G. Were you at the Prince Yi Memorial Service? A.; No.

Gi. Did you not know of the meeting at the school of which you are
Principal? A, I knew of the meeting but was not invited to go,

W- Q. Did they a3k to use the grouni3 for the service and you give your
consent? A. Ho.

&. Had you no relation to it, or had someone else charge and gave consent"
A. I had nothing to do with it. There is someone in charge, but I do not.
know whether he gave consent.

G. Did you know of the independence following the service?

A. Yes, I knew of it that afternoon.

G. Did you hear that the Christiana and students met thsre for an
independence mooting? A. I heard 66 it.

Q. Did yon hear that the., had read the declaration of independence,
made a speech, raised the Korean flag, etc,? A. Yes, I heard 66 it.,

Q. Did you know that they eheutei >ana'»ifl and went down Into the streets
shouting it ? A,, Tes, I heard of it and also 3aw it..

Q. Did you know of the order of exercises? A. Nc.

0. rrom when did yon hear these l rot Know from what

individual as I heard it from so many.,

G. Did you hear it from students, foreigners or Christians r
A. Yes, from all of then.,

Q. *hat hour did you come to the street and see the demonstration?
jdr tim Xq the afternoon, on t|>o big road to the College only.. t -j-oto

the city but did not see it there.

Q-Pid

you

r. Dii you see *ny r,r tftes- fiv boys sUou.titig .’Spar.eei "? A. No
Q. Did you hear that they had? A, o.

ft, f; Did you know that tfco police ? ro searching fcr them for shouting
"mansei"? A. \o, I know of no cpceial word concerning them,
ft. Dii you hear that the police wore searching for all students who . had
taker part in * *.« demonstrate or V A. Yes, but where I heard it I i0 not

1 know.

Q. ’Vhen lid you h*ar it? A. on the 4th of April when we . were to open school,

I heard that ,ir. Narahashi tad sail that all students would be arrested.

C. You heard fror> Mr, iNaroh.ashi that all students would be arrested?

A. Not directly from him, but in the discussion among the teachefcs that

day, it 7?33 said that this report came from him.-

ft. Did this apply to both Coll - , : and Academy students? A. Yes, I think go,
Q. On Wurch-5th did Yi Posik come and ask to stay a£ your house?

A. He was at ou- Souse, but for waat reason he did not say, and I i0 not
know what he said.

Q. Did he ask to stpy there because there was no other place to stay?

A., I have no recollection of just tobet he said.

ft.. From the 5th to the 14th of arch was he at your house, and did he eat
there? A. Yes.

Q*. Did you give him blankets, etc, to sleep at your house? A. Yes,

ft. Did he sleep one night in a certain rpom and after that in a certain

room? A. Yes.

ft. Did he stay at. your house all the time and not go out? A, No, he went oi
9. Both night, and day? A. I suppose so.

ft.. Yi : osik said he ns hiding. Did you know that alao? A. He did not
say so to me, but one dey T guessed that that was true..

You guessed that he was biding, and kept him? A. An a host I re-
ceived him as a guest, but. told him that I could not protect him if he
were doing anything he should not.

Q. You said that you guessed he was hiding but said that you could not
protect him, nni let him stay? A. Yes.

ft. Did Kil Chinkyung come to your house at ni 5ht on the /t h of March?

A. I do not know t’he day.

ft. Di 3 you guess that hs was fleeing from arrest? A. Yec.

ft. Did you consent to his staying? A. I told him that $ I could receive

bim as a guest hut could not protect hiin.j

ft.. His mother was anxious about him and did she send him there, and you
consented to his staying? A. I guessed at it only but had no knowledge
of it.

ft. Did he come as though frightened? A. No, he o&me out early and in the

evening said that ^

anted to stay all

Q. Since ha wau living with his mother, wouli you apt tilnk th . .
to the house Of a foreigner that there was somethin, uF? A
often slept at my house, ani I could only ghees at it in *iew of
a n Posii and Kil Chinkyung slept In the same room? A. fee
G. Did you give Kil Chinkyung food? A. Yes.

°* ^ Joa k»o» that three of the boys had mimeographed somethin* ln the
empty hoase on Dr.kofftt-s compound and also at the Thee log icel ^ n^y?

Q. If you did not know that, Ud ;oa know that they secretly distributed
announcements and that the polios were hunting' for them?

A’/r r3 V kT,ta‘t t!,e e0n0* T,Sre tr*ing*to arrest «uch men, but did
nol^tho3e boy3 had done it.

G. You knew the police were specially hunting1 for such? A. Ho.

G_ Did you not hear that they were specially hunting "for such?

A. No, .1 knew it not.

Q. Did these three boys come to your bouse on the 1st day of April?

A. They came one day but what lay I do not know. One- day Yi Insyun and
Yi Kyunho came and said they would sleep there ani I said alright.

G. Did you guess the- police were hunting for them?- A. I guessed it but
thfct night thought nothing of it. The next day I did think of it and told
them that while I had let them sleep there I could not protect them if
they were doing anything they should not.

G. Did you give them blankets ani food?* A. Blankets, but no fooi.

G. Yi Insyun says that on April 1st he came to you ani you saw he was
fleeing and you gave him permission to sleep there, and that on the 2nd
he said to you he was fleeing from arrest.' Also Kimfaisul was at Miss
Doriss' house on April 3rd ani came to you requesting to 3t*y at your
house.- Is that so? A. I consented to Yi Insyun's Btaying there but

iid not to Kim Taisul, ani ii Imsyun sail nothing to me about fleeing
from arrest.

Q.- You knew they were after Kim Taisul ani consented to bis staying?

A. I did not know they were particularly after him.

G. You guessed, at it? A.- Yes, from his frightened appearance
Q. They slept there the 1st, 2nd and 3ri iaysY A. *TS™GV 00
G.' One stayed three days, one. two days and one for one
Q. Two slept in the stud$? A. Yes.

>■ «* *» >■" *• “r “I'0”’ ~ t~>-

Q. Ol -

G.- You gave- them bedding ani fooi?

Q You gave them blankets only?- A. Yes.
G. Where did

th«y eat? a. I do not know.

— 6—

G. Bow could you not know when they woro in the same house? A. I jU not

G. They must have eaten.- A. I do not know; not at our bouse,-
Q«) tfave you a Korean cook? A. Vee.

G.- Who is he? A Kim Tung'hip.

G.‘ Dee 3 he live in an outhouse near you?' A. Fos.

G. Did he feel them?- A. I do cot know,

G. Do you give him wages hut not provide his fool?- A. Yes.

G. T-he three bought foodfrom your cook at so much per table. Did you know itri
G, has be ...( did not catch question). A. No.

many

A. I do not know.

Q. did not catch this question either),

A.- the answer was indistinct, but was somethin g about 'too

guests'gi and 'I did rot '.....).

G.- It seems, then, that you guessed that the police were- trying to catch
tbaae. five boys an! when they cske! to sleep at your house you took pity on
the* eni let the* stay. As you are an American you are no relation of

those five Koreans?' A.’ No.

Q.- T'hev were acquaintances and students?- A. '/ea.

Ja9 interpreter then res! a stat,*ent of eviiecoe which bai been secure!

fro* stuients, which briefly was your house on the *th

He said that he visits! a' dowry's house an! that you seemed l° B he ae
he, fleeing. ft Pcsik says that «r «owry

(tiling.. He says: "1 - there in Kerch --- --- ««■. « ^

he. was at dowry's bouse one night In Am ex6111inei

that he was hiling. Ke was with Yi Icayun also, ft *>«"

for the third time, said he slept in a 3mall room and after in a bedroom
with Kil Dhinkyung. Kil Dhinkyung says that he skept one night in e small
room and fifter that in a bedroom with ¥i Posuk. I'i Kyunho says that he

slept ^here on April 1st.

The judge then proceeded, taking' this evidence into consideration.
You ullowei the* to sleep there.- Have- you anything to show that you
have not violate! the law? A. I allowed- the* to stay as guests, but I

!i! not hiie the* as fugitives. I sale no effort to conceal then.

that I know-nothing they ha!
told them 1 could not do so. I toii th~m t

eni^h^r Wr°n" ani they l7u,st not. io anythin*

t ^ Q Tn-n C°n°eal °r ,)rcte3t them.

C. Th.n *J8* s^4 that if the, had said that they
to he concealed. it u.^ni4 u ... 3. crime

*r0"' Wbile « *9 house.

onaealei t it wouli havc, bsen j{4|rig| ** Wepe crimlnals and asked
T hn-i • , * * but otherwise not.

I nai been infornsi that the nnH*« .

A. I f x naa oeen informed that th
had concealed th m it would hav

oolice were trying to arrest them and

-k

. . been wronS, but I did not know that th*»

.ere cr1B1B.l8 Tf *nyone hal eo.e to arrest ther then ani I haJ 30nce ei
the® it would hav 3 been wrong. i'-i,

'A'hen they came to arrest them, since you did not conceal the® you
think it was no crime. Have you anything to say in defense?

A. Nothing that I think of. Concerning this matter nothing further, but
concerning the independence movement I would say that I had nothing whatever
to do with it, ani kept free from it, ani as an American, toll them that I
could have nothing to do with it.

Q. Have you anything else to sav? A. When asked by Koreans about this
independence movement., I said I could say nothing about it, and could give
no advice.

GL. What is your Korean name? A. Mo Oi Ri .

£be Procurator then arose and spoke. He said: "From the evidence and fro®
your own statement it acoears that all the students were to be arrested
ani you in part knew it, or guessed that the boys who fled to your house,
were fleeing. And the boys say that they asked to be hidden ani yet you say
you did not knew clearly that they were asking protection. This is 'the same
as knowing,* and while there nay be a difference in the gravity of the crime

yet both are a violation 6f the law. The law provides a punishment of im-
prisonment ot t. wo years or Ie3s or a fine of ¥200 or le9s. Curing the
March from ceoul to PyengVang the Christian people were all engaged in
demonstrations and this Has continued until now and has not yet beer quiet-
ed, ani because of that while rumors 9ay that certain people are

inciting the Koreans it seems that many have been doing so and are there-
for guilty. In the American possessions of the Hawaii and the Philippines
there are those who opoose President Wilson, and if in these countries
agitators for independence aere concealed by the Jppanese there, what
would the American officials do? It would be a crime for the Japanese then
to conceal criminals. There is no doubt guilt in this case even though you
say that you did not know it was wrong. It is impossible not to suspect
Christianity in thi3 matter and you concealed those who agitated for in-
dependence.' Your crime- is a grave- one but on one side your taki. ng^
ani students who had no place to was in a sense a manifest

kiniaeSB (iwl.). I demand a sentence of all months imprisonment, (ani thi

thi“k that JOU 8,101111 10011 °" ^is as a light sentence?) (this U8
^sentence- uncertain. ) L

interpreter then spokefSti yoa understand the Procurator's address
A. 1 understood it fairly well. (t&ikang turesso.)

G«; Have you anything to say in way of argument?-

Wrf; Iwowry evidently misunderstood the Procurator's request for a six
niontns sentence, and said: %hat has been decided upon?. Is six months
the' decision?"'

8. Do you consider that you are. not guilty?- A.- Since I said that I
had no intention of concealing them I have committed bb crime. If 1 had
been given any information of the desire, to arrest them and had conceal-
ed them it would have been wrong, but there was no such information give
me and no attemtp to arrest had been made thereW‘

U. *E.: M. 1 in your name, is for what?. A.1 Ky full name, is Eli Miller

tooi/ry.;

The judge then sail, "”he trial is ended. Tha judgment will be rendered
at ten o'clock on the l^th. "

The wicker basket was then put on Wr.Mowry(s face and head and he wa
was led off by a policeman. .Ye went at once to Mr.*Itano, aProcurator,

- not tte one‘ in the trial, and asked if in accord with Japanese law no
0 opportunity was given for securing a lawyer before proceeding to trial,
he said, "You had a right to secure, a lawyer, and I sent word to you

“*’•* - *»■

day afternoon "l l r t0 tBk0' pU°e toda**‘ said , "feeter-

he said "iio it i!,!! t had been asked if he wished a lawyer,.

. . * ' 1 8 not 3,JEtomary except in grave cases. " Vo sail that we hai

had no opportunity to secure a lawyer for him since the brill had til

of°the trial^Arre6!1^ th ^ °°UU h379 aSkSl f°r 8 P°BtP°h"ent

whether in T ' P^el "6 *er£ ’iVen “° 3U°b iDfor®atioD. Be asked

i, , r: . !* f: ,w * rr*. •- * - **•>. ■»* *

if judgment is rendered an appeal can be taken and a lawyer secured".-

:D„ ! 0898 * ««U.d opportunity to secure a lawyer

a 9 no i ference.; But that' if he. were convicted it wa3 a matter of

+ . . . ** ^ owu v lb wca x u was a matter or

r.at impottamce.: *© remarked that we had had no opportunity to confer with
Mr.fcowry about a lawyer, ox- a request for postponment.or anything in connect-
ion with the case,, as in the interviews allowed we were- strictly forbidden
o say anything about his oase. The. Procurator remarked that they had pushed
- 18 °88e ahea3 out of consideration for him as they dli^fare to prolong his
onf inment. As. then went to the telegraph office, and wired a statement of th
facte to the- consul general, ’

19 W'-!

w4'

Ip jlMo.n.Mo :<i0 iierghel z , , ..

American O-^gul <7JUOrul

ri. *

I>cir -r.Berghrjiz:

! NOv 8 jajg

i#<mg y*vg9Xor&a9 ‘

i “pril 4l'reaft^ ^ ;pel,il5 <** the „e!f tor, ,/ Cal1 , .

1'ia ^c"n atsaliaed u'AiiTfwJ ®hlch ’>««•■"» -'■-’roh 6th, whan
J.*?”?0.80 bacuw ««•

end A 0I5

.s^ssrS

SS’.ai«“t: v; a»P 3W*

ss r^?s2~s "r-p'ir^ir^ e

wan i^nSSu J ^**2 ^ inventi ^ or eT,d «©*«*

**a students on 971? ?t»'W.T* to *rror*

^NV^Opoa the .%*’ ?raar ®tmioct ad one y<* >2° -n? cn^onry

rhe com S 4 ppcj,'3%?,x,c* 3f Mw Jraf^t . 0D?* *ho^ dieappourinr

1°£« or:c Btoden” *? i*19 Prt,r‘1' acts or openly thrC*°l!Lor T1^ e*w>rda

S& « ”iS; K»4’,iS;r»‘ »;■ w**$ " v*rs‘»jv *: «■

SSftfflrg srss*^^H;3-

th. r ca« •* tho boSSie? r,u^“ ?°f ^*it«nooa. ..'•

and poltoe yjia>2f?4 ***** tfwt pna a-e^dar?*** w<?ut to x*y hduno.

wife and ohiUrn^m V'Z< <,orf1'01™* and <ro£Fp0}%J u,nT‘iJ Jen !orne
dstootivo, „vn *,,tohi”J sqeuo oixtMn tf ISLiT** tho ho08,} f’®>* ay
thr « wS3J? 1 Prooarntor aa M0 ?»?^T?aiir,,s"*1,<,1,0» «*

piled. "Bo it 20iOd th* h®^d ’’’on if he | atorTxroterg Already ee> robin

euareh " *r\28 not «eo«eaa».» i uJid *t T f0***1* warrant and ho re- f

S2SS bat ifSifn "? *ia' «* "a4! f*"7 •»■«* tot&

y and Mrs# ^ffett'o SodiMn • 9^3^0n^ ti*rpa^i ti.A? whale hvaaa and in rjy d tad--

fc-JrouoB^pup«r«, letters *to! A van^Vo i 00 W «£* of d.ska.drb^rs,
liv„ ♦f-’y *•*■• not rode nor deeds and o«fe.

h,!r 1)56 Jou but hsd to do 5i< tf“L,,ai 0M\8e:la tliat be J.d not

bu* ple»naBt to have to en<wn ti.!l ordorou. JToYtover,it nun anything

gwdarneB.poiio,™^ r n vl” 4101 1 ty ® r '“ivlr-K twenty atfioero,

to find vraotioany notl.inL jn -easloa of everything la ordor

the drawer of hie rt-Bk t:.,«v ^3' otudy onon*? iry seerVtery* e Topers la

(1)A oo py of the nro-rs* the lnoonsefK^antiai thlc?3:-

^^penclonee s5m^S*».rL i2*,T*?K Xi sL«\riee and the

(2>A won pi^Tof 1„ jforXjn.

kiUed n? AnjB 111 '-#r9Ba Of Yh» eu-*ot of

-uevertl villages of Anlii in I 'f ^i0 haa takes o,«rt fro- the
(3) An envelou* *,in^th* ^OTaretra1rion. , < \

will with atanp anci ,a 2 th« ^hoologleal. Sevia«(r7,,aoHing throogh the
penienoo nonapaper. Si? 1\OOB *1»1’« tive eopj.ee of t&e Indto.

® «..«X s; ;;j2» »>• «* »• *>■•

'”* ” *"• °'**T* »“ 1 °nr ««,„ b.r„, <an/w,cm^, i.tir.

» C I

n9 th,it ef th.

wb'J po'8t

«» :toruan h3ua°;^^0‘'fh^ «* romiioio, .SMST^i & **

g-“A!ia s:s

SSViS'Sifj, fgS K&SVSS EfeSS&Sycr*

? *%;: i:±;! 5-- »$»*,

•»* r '-wcaf

Mn atrlfce HHBI

Me In the nm+raZS 2l. ’ ■* •*-■«- r*‘««»w»#a co not

•tudont^ho vms matin* «8 "‘c’-.tL^or^L8 arrectod a C*W8&*

our places or U 0^^506^ "Uh **V a* the » bo1^ °>
th0 ”h°lo population ia foarful o rcp0lar 9f1Ployiiient. S»t as
enw the polioe oonin* hid Ila • 8{1°”l8'Tinl V^atlage.aomo of \ hem, when tin
oook Hi 30 bat did nit nrrelt** ,Lto •WP# coptara. They aearohed ay
wont through they uereheS off with their captive? and

Sraph and breaking twi winro^n^a^ii!8 ?r0“ wblob they took another aixeo-
fnofosEore I «ta trid lD the SoBth»rn ihroahyterien Coticro for

«ck and uekefto tLr^c ™Ll'iari *0BQ. ^ there, fhreo men cnae

asking ror a receipt Ihieh ^“» fr75h? ***? ^ Jtuly.to which I oonaented,
police of "loo. Thi? r»7t»T*$ K >ey 0al(* 1 eou1,i Kct the nr: rt d^y at the
ophoned to th^tVjf6aen^'3iVo^aIhn ^ o* clcok.Mr.Uowry tel-

tid mn — v . . - losaeilgey -fro*!! the T)DXleC o ^on 'hjirl nGU/. 'roV-? T-f- \4

ophoned to me’that **? ♦1^V,clcok-Mr#t,°'?ry tel*

)id no to go down. ; >1et +h«i.r»*r*v the pallec o ice had cone -iakir.K him
were 8ho;on into n bw., i tbe ^ato and no wart down together, c

thirty- ftV9 minutaoteL^ 5 £°rC Were three P3il°6 »*" ">--t down vioitips
r/hilo waiting^ we were tot*' r**°ar? B"B °’U«* out for h -.tier.

men eui.a.«’r0? Ire lot ^3i'Sti?,prn,^n 2n?l1*h when or ' 3 polios-

ot allowed to talk. ".Surprised, I repine t <r e we

(3)

uninr PTToat ?n Ho Jtiaped trp at; once.ond Bald wait a limm* _n* _

tag portly Baying ™erer sind.it lo aU right"! I wli#« S0f

** *® • '** continue a cup oonworoation* Attar Ur.Tiov/rv i^a aalt^

el*o e

were very
about wy 1

.-arch lBt.ntdUt" ay ^o^ta'^ill^^r^r^^Sr^nheSrthl Veva
°frta* t?Upe ln ^hloJl 2® had boon and whether ha eooid Vrv# hud the nra
jf "JjF . jrtBtppwtoha .whether w ith my consent and owl edits ao to the n»n 4-,*

whi ^ *r.ey boon pat* Thiy -lout tae tVroa papery ftrtrA in m

Hl^rie^of Btudy 'ind ftb7? 6to«cnoein 'roul.mn-t the ^

saying that I was reputed to bo very

522?f V”**ffP* ™ W* they UiMtfSSrnS *

son tad to nothing and was in no way party tw or knew of mithin* which

SRJEZI hZ ^ a***9tary cv o there on the place or with -v

78i.!oorrra>jlt (the cocrotary always faring full access to tha wi"ooi'rf»ob
^^fddSwry worlc) .that I had atatd in Seoul on account of helical
*52 2* HLwlx0 nj1d °Jlild at tha hospital rnd that tha. land in m na-e

tS? SKiErS ^SSaBS! of Utoela“-1* “• “•«* of 2*r»-.

hcao Rn ite?r^r rr,r'l^Pl: £?r a T’Olioeji&n tc acearroeny r:e and 'rtr.&owry
at nipht on tl'o&w«v a ntationorj/ had recently boon etopoed

the roliTiiy station by two Jh^nese &r<oed with
°5S fw.U WaS *2" Ci,f® fir fore ignore to be oat at night. They Bald
710 d*Bror bnt 1 oallGd thoir e it cation to the fast that-
?«« papers ^cro publishing abusive articlao about ua and that the

y}&88 JaP^*JffO had great hatred towards as* They con ,.nted to send
^fSfSTSPoS**1?? nJe to ^it a little whiles** 1 was ahown into the Gain
tin f0j:lG? ot<i^urt vraero I saw sitting on the floor at one end

S!i»» -!£???? 5Bd secretaries who had boon arrested that afternoon

<u?ke-J
wait-

+v~4. s.' * ^au. uo.a iUT’wpr9i,w uaag m and

r«<r ■Jriva5y ^“J^3?33 * a poliooaan haso with mc-.\ I a a, jested that I
' A r*?0?1? b?^ ’that M3 exawinatlonx was not yet finiahod

*w*w?2> , flad b?tter §0 first. I a«ksd then to aoeNOr.Mowry to tell
w lull U*3 g0?*Z 00t *** woald roliwwe his wifo? « wxioty by tell ing
"SI 80n(1 a P®TLio«wa with bin a little. later. One said,

by a Korean polioenan^ bat ooSjio^fil ♦SJoaMPe- ^M$!;on-^cnt acco"*i>an'ed
not eleei) well .and in tho womino* had a hard heads on 8 bo ^^1* bed.

o’ clock Urs.^iowry telephoned UfifUdKiirtrle tliat jfff.Kowry
“ho^e end asked If I ha^* Ho cane to bgo no cvnd A •BRFfBBtoa

.. « — ^ - -» -■«- — polico station^ascoruain

of the

■ 1

About seven 0

had not coae '.4V Wiw u^vn — — — -r-. - W

that be get ilr.^emhelBel and at onoo go to tho oolico Btation^ac
the Bituation^nnd -if Hr.lfewr^r were under arrest, to nnlt the nature -- —
charges, telegraph you at oncft,aak to see ulr.ilowry and Bend hi a ro'ja.
Mr.BemhQincl will fHll you what followed* I hov« that j. have no vs writ-
ten In too groat detail, hot it oocmo better to write eowe thing© whacn
nay ceera of trivial i*rrport rather than leave cat the very things yco 1 #

— i 4-. *

wish to know*

to know* _ 3

Saturday afternoon, tpril 6th, five of those arreeted were rel-aeed,
^Icb onook* 8 »?atron cook,Tiiee Salmon’s seoretary, thB oity soh ol teacher,
^•filllip* working boy, and Dr •Baird* a Bcoretary.enl on Monday noi-ning
hr : •3alrd* 8 translator was rolcaocd.the tranclator reporting that while

(4)

roaS“t! iTs,* ^

p&xrai-z *

beating on the way. -he ioratary '"did '•hi* n* ^ inanity from

allied ne for advice hut --jia tv.*5! Ma^awr initiative, re
aolf.^en the police c'a a *S^v £f hS? ES i fFl *» *caii' f'r «*-

«**« ^&&b&

•«W lai!9Te !lp,:tot 17 iR8 at a»y«»inJ which"™ iXfcle to

'■* ra V0I7 sinoerely,

F*£* 1 aiS aeniUn-~ *« herewith three oopiee of this letter.

I ■

M.WBWRX8tt»a s»oav ? ths jutost OP tvs

U\.<a

1 or ~ha dvonio up to tho
n fn -yong fana,£ will ctarr^.

’ror the police ofl by breok-
u tho writer cant down to the >0
;at he hod been examined there

e» i

Bon# hoc TWffhol*,

Anorloas Cernul Gonsral,

•: soul, Chowan •

y 4>03T Sir :

Ur.J, fctt, having ne^t y^-i

tiff* when ho left V-'fov?ry >it •>.«
or thru the next duy ,1’RtcWoy ori.

ry.net having returnee
- fast ti!«e ’aturdoy torn! r./r .“cfhrrtrlB

H;_ HK1 5^a?Mr»irs

t^r 'f0™0? ri° \lh* ^ *>»«• 0? the ur i oo«j I

< -U •t*hc pplncV*c P1 Mt U; cfjice to Fend you

a tele^nn? that r. .cury was ir r gened. J

1v . ;' -hr PPl«°J tl3fli ^•i^vry woe there but coal'd Set give •» w

in,)1 concerning him but refer rod uo to tho rablla procurator. ‘
Jothen wont to see this of/ioiol. iThon naked is to tU rXaaS 23 aha

AnTr^?^^it 1° ^ P£ll? the ,,:,F8W3a v£ie now Leix- ineaJre i into

tl,r 1r?utlry w-‘° iliriohr 1 ho could net spOQijV^tha c^ri-t. Askod
lW wrr llftbLe *- b0 confined for ti -e or. not Ihe rapl* t s
to be a”lirtrf!Sp0 TZ t ?2D0*r?f in. tbQ *«hU- *U of 7bo a would Vivo

l^dowr^ SrtCT «*«*« *•»* r?thhe

ea^aV^V^V’ rn79r8e ln t5Mi i:rcan »« noting

' good LljSSSIL!!*!? tV' »»° lD * by hiwaalf which rsc:* wag very
a ?r?se! !£ » **La PriF in s«« earner fro i vMoh bad odors

C*«r Bt“ ;bc*t hi*. h=t TlQ"'aa sU ri«ht md f3r

rdAyjSjd^rrfr. Uei^ on Fa 1 car,e *J*ae prison officlols
■ I llle4 e,lB be sort hl11 his ho-,: and thia belli,'- dona.

fuBLl?tn V, ga*li:F ”ei"! nll3'v<,<1 to bo nont in te Mr hat they re-
\tSSHJS till. ?.~V f^4* “* 1 bottle of tedlcine to yo In.

the1 d!otor Voold give hlb°o»rv icou. !1*4sou HT';I **** ** of U1"es°

7ery rs3poctfuVljf subunittoS #

(.Oifpiea( d. ^•Bernheieal*

Pyengyang, Korea

April 21, 1919

S.A. Moffett

Report on the Trial of the Rev. E.M. Mo wry
in the Local Court. Pveng Yang, Korea

On Thursday, April 10th, I secured permission from the public Procurator, Mr. Itano, to
see Mr. Mowry on the 1 1th and to have Mrs. Mowry see him on the 12lh. At the same time I
learned that the investigation was not yet finished and I preferred the request that when the
investigation was finished, in case that he was held for trial, I should be notified. On the 1 llh I
saw Mr. Mowry and was permitted to talk with him 1 5 or 20 minutes, but we were not allowed to
say anything concerning the case. A detective intimated to me that he would prob ably be sent to
Seoul for examination. On the 12th Mrs. Mowry saw him and again it was intimated that he
would not be detained long. Monday afternoon the 14,h I received a telephone message from the
Methodist hospital saying that a gendarme had requested them to tell me that Mr. Mowry’s trial
would be held tomorrow at 10 o’clock, the 15th. Coming in directly and at such short notice, I
hardly credited the report, but on the morning of the 15lh Mr. Bemheisel and I went to the judicial
building shortly before 10 o’clock and learned that the public trial was to be held that morning.
Sometime after 10 o’clock we were requested to go into the court room, where we found the
court convened with the judge, procurator, interpreter and clerk on the bench, several military
officers behind them, Mr. Mowry seated below, six gendarmes and policemen on guard, three
Japanese reporters and some thirty or forty Korean and Japanese spectators. Mr. Mowry was
requested to stand up and the following examination took place conducted by the judge through
an interpreter:

What is your name?

A. E.M. Mowry.

What is your age?

A. 39.

What is your profession?

A. Missionary.

Where is your residence?

A. Pyeng Yang, Sin Yang Li

Where was your original residence in America?

A. Mansfield, Ohio, U.S.

The charge was then read; that knowing that police were searching for them you gave
permission for the following boys to remain in your house: Yi Kyunho, Kim Taisul and Yi
Insyun from the 2nd to the 4th day of April, Yi Posik for 10 days, and Kil Chinkyung for several
days.

Q. Do you understand Korean? A. Fairly well.

Q. Do you raise any objection to the conduct of the trial in Korean? A. No.

Q. Have you any decorations? A. No.

Q. Have you received any punishment? A. No.

Q. What is your religion? A. Christian

Q. What is your denomination? A. Presbyterian

Q. What education have you received? A. Primary school. Middle school,

Wooster College, Ohio, and Western Theological Seminary, Pittsburgh, PA.

Q. How much property have you? A. About 2,000 yen

Q. What family? A. Wife and 2 children

Q-

4/21/1919 - p.2 Mowry trial

Do they live here?

A. Yes.

When did you come to Korea?

A. 1909

For what purpose?

A. As a missionary.

Did you come direct?

A. Yes.

Direct to Pyeng Yang?

A. Yes.

What has been your occupation since coming to Pyeng Yang? A. Teaching in the Soong

Sil School (Union Christian College).

What is your relation to the church? A. No special relation.

What is your relation to the schools? A. Teacher in the Soong Sil school,

Principal of the Soong Duk school (Boys’ Grammar school in City), Principal of the
Soong Hyun school (Girls’ Grammar school in City).

How long have you taught in the Soong Sil school? A. Since 1911.

Q. Continuously? A. Yes, except one year spent in America.

Q. Did you teach in both College and Academy? A. In the College only.

What did you teach? A. Zoology, Physiology, Geology and English

Did you teach in the Theological Seminary?
Did you teach in the Soong Duk school?

Do you know Yi Posik?

Did you teach him?

Had you specially friendly relations with him?
For how long?

Q. Until when?

Q. Did you give him any school expenses?

Q. Do you know Kil Chinkyung?

Q. What was his relation to you?

brother was a special friend.

Q. What was his brother’s name?

A. No.

A. Yes, a little English.

A. Yes.

A. Yes, as my secretary.

A. About six years.

A. Until my arrest.

A. Yes, for about 5 years.

A. Yes.

A. I know him very well, and his

A. Kil Chinhyung.

A. (Did not hear answer).

Q. Did you visit his house?

Q. Did you give him school expenses or any special teaching? A. No.

Q. Do you know Yi Kyumho? A. Yes.

Q. Were you particularly friendly? A. Yes.

Q. Did he visit your house? A. Yes.

Q. Do you know Yi Insyun? A. Yes.

Q. Had you any special relation to him? A. He was a pupil and I knew him well in

school and at the Central Church which we both attended.

Q. Did you provide him any school expenses or any special teaching? A. No.

Q. Did he visit your house?

Q. Do you know Kim Taisul?

Q. Did he also act as your secretary?

Q. Did you furnish his school expenses?
Q. How much was that?

A. Yes.

A. Only his salary as secretary.

He was paid by the hour, ten sen per hour.

Q. What did he do? A. Several kinds of work; translation and copying of music.

Q. Was he at your house only during the day, and at night at his house? A. That was his custom.
Q. Sometimes did he sleep at your house? A. No.

Q-

4/21/1919- p. 3 Mowrytrial

When did he become your secretary? A. The 19th of January.

Did you go to the Soong Duk school on March 1st? A. No.

Were you at the Prince Yi Memorial Service? A. No.

Did you not know of the meeting at the school of which you are Principal? A. I knew of
the meeting but was not invited to go.

Did they ask to use the grounds for the service and you give your consent? A. No.

Had you no relation to it, or had someone else charge and gave consent? A. I had
nothing to do with it. There is someone in charge, but I do not know whether he gave
consent.

Did you know of the Independence following the service? A. Yes, I knew of it that

afternoon

Did you hear that the Christians and students met there for an Independence meeting? A. I
heard of it.

Did you hear that they had read the declaration of independence, made a speech, raised the
Korean flag, etc.? A. Yes, I heard of it.

Did you know that they shouted “mansei” and went down into the streets shouting it? A. Yes,
I heard of it and also saw it.

Did you know of the order of exercises? A. No.

From whom did you hear these things? A. I do not know from what individual, as I
heard it from so many.

Did you hear it from students, foreigners or Christians? Yes, from all of them.

What hour did you come to the street and see the demonstration? A. In the afternoon, on
the big road to the College only. I went into the city but did not see it there.

Did you see any of these five boys shouting “mansei”? A. No.

Did you hear that they had? A. No.

Did you know that the police were searching for them for shouting “mansei”? A. No, I
knew of no special word concerning them.

Did you hear that the police were searching for all students who had taken part in the
demonstrations? A. Yes, but where I heard it I do not know.

When did you hear it? A. On the 4th of April when we were to open school I heard

that Mr. Narahashi had said that all students would be arrested.

You heard from Mr. Narahashi that all students would be arrested? A. Not directly from
him, but in the discussion among the teachers that day, it was said that this report came

from him.

Did this apply to both College and Academy students? A. Yes, I think so.

On March 5lh did Yi Posik come and ask to stay at your house? A. He was at our house, but
for what reason he did not say, and I do not know what he said.

Did he ask to stay there because there was no other place to stay? A. I have no recollection
of just what he said.

From the 5th to the 14lh of March was he at your house, and did he eat there? A. Yes.

Did you give him blankets, etc., to sleep at your house? A. Yes.

Did he sleep one night in a certain room and after that in a certain room? A. Yes.

Did he stay at your house all the time and not go out? A. No, he went out.

4/21/1919 - p.4 Mowry trial

Q. Both night and day? A. I suppose so.

Q. Yi Posik said he was hiding. Did you know that also? A. He did not say so to me, but one
day I guessed that that was true.

Q. You guessed that he was hiding, and kept him? A. As a host I received him as a guest, but
told him that I could not protect him if he were doing anything he should not.

Q. You said that you guessed he was hiding but said that you could not protect him, and let him
stay? A. Yes.

Q. Did Kil Chinkyung come to your house at night on the 7th of March? A. I do not know the
day.

Q. Did you guess that he was fleeing from arrest? A. Yes.

Q. Did you consent to his staying? A. I told him that I could receive him as a guest

but could not protect him.

Q. His mother was anxious about him and did she send him there, and you consented to his
staying? A. I guessed at it only but had no knowledge of it.

Q. Did he come as though frightened? A. No, he came out early and in the evening said
that he wanted to stay all night.

Q. Since he was living with his mother, would you not think that in coming to the house of a
foreigner that there was something up? A. Yes, Koreans often slept at my house,
and I could only guess at it in view of the times.

Q. Yi Posik and Kil Chinkyung slept in the same room? A. Yes.

Q. Did you give Kil Chinkyung food? A. Yes.

Q. Did you know that three of the boys had mimeographed something in the empty house on Dr.
Moffett’s compound and also at the Theological Seminary? A. No.

Q. If you did not know that, did you know that they secretly distributed announcements and that
the police were hunting for them? A. I did know that the police were

trying to arrest such men, but did not know those boys had done it.

Q. You knew the police were specially hunting for such? A. No.

Q. Did you not hear that they were specially hunting for such? A. No, I knew it not.

Q. Did these three boys come to your house on the Is1 day of April? A. They came one day
but what day I do not know. One day Yi Insyun and Yi Kyunho came and said they
would sleep there and I said alright.

Q. Did you guess the police were hunting for them? A. I guessed it but that night thought

nothing of it. The next day I did think of it and told them that while I had let them sleep
there I could not protect them if they were doing anything they should not.

Q. Did you give them blankets and food? A. Blankets, but no food.

Q. Yi Insyun says that on April Is' he came to you and you saw he was fleeing and you gave him
permission to sleep there, and that on the 2nd he said to you he was fleeing from arrest.
Also Kim Taisul was at Miss Doriss’ house on April 3rd and came to you requesting to
stay at your house. Is that so? A. I consented to Yi Insyun’s staying there but

did not to Kim Taisul, and Yi Insyun said nothing to me about fleeing from arrest.

Q You knew they were after Kim Taisul and consented to his staying? A. I did not know they
were particularly after him.

Q. You guessed at it? A. Yes, from his frightened appearance.

Q. They slept there the ls‘, 2nd and 3rd days? A. (answer not heard).

4/21/1919 - p.5 Mowry trial

Q. One stayed three days, one two days and one for one day? A. Yes.

Q. Two slept in the study? A. Yes.

Q. On the 3rd two slept in the bedroom? A. Yes.

Q. You gave them bedding and food? A. Bedding, but no food.

Q. You gave them blankets only? A. Yes.

Q. Where did they eat? A. I do not know.

Q. How could you not know when they were in the same house? A. I did not know.

Q. They must have eaten. A. I do not know; not at our house.

Q. Have you a Korean cook? A. Yes.

Q. Who is he? A. Kim Yungchip.

Q. Does he live in an outhouse near you? A. Yes.

Q. Did he feed them? A. I do not know.

Q. Do you give him wages but not provide his food? A. Yes.

Q. The three bought food from your cook at so much per table. Did you know it? A. No.

Q. Has he.. .(I did not catch the question)? A. I do not know.

Q (did not catch this question either) A (the answer was indistinct, but was

something about ‘too many guests’ and ‘I did not....’).

Q. Did you give food to Yi Kyunho? A. No.

Q It seems, then, that you guessed that the police were trying to catch these five boys and when
they asked to sleep at your house you took pity on them and let them stay. As you are an
American you are no relation of those five Koreans? A. No.

Q. They were acquaintances and students? A. Yes.

The interpreter then read a statement of evidence which had been secured from students,
which briefly was as follows:

Kim Taisul says that he slept with Yi Insyun at your house on the 4,h day of April. Yi
Insyun also says that he was fleeing from the police and asked if he could sleep there and that you
consented. Kil Chinkyung says that he spent two nights and saw Yi Posik there and that he slept
with him. He said that he visited at Mowry’s house and that you seemed to know that he was
fleeing. Yi Posik says that Mr. Mowry must have guessed that he was hiding. He says: “I was

there in March days.” Yi Kyunho says that he was at Mowry’s house one night in April

and that you probably knew that he was hiding. He was with Yi Insyun also. Yi Posik, when
examined for the third time, said he slept in a small room and after in a bedroom with Kil
Chinkyung. Kil Chinkyung says that he slept one night in a small room and after that in a
bedroom with Yi Posuk. Yi Kyunho says that he slept there on April lsl.

The judge then proceeded:

Q. Taking this evidence into consideration you allowed them to sleep there. Have you anything
to show that you have not violated the law? A. I allowed them to stay as guests, but I

did not hide them as fugitives. I made no effort to conceal them, and I told them I could not do
so. I told them that I knew of nothing they had done which was wrong and they must not do
anything wrong while at my house, and that I could not conceal or protect them.

Q. Then you think that if they had said they were criminals and asked to be concealed, it would
have been a crime but otherwise not? A. If I had been informed that the police were

4/21/1919- p. 6 Mowry trial
trying to arrest them and had concealed them it would have been wrong, but I did not know that
they were criminals. If anyone had come to arrest them then and I had concealed them it would
have been wrong.

Q. When they came to arrest them, since you did not conceal them you think it was no crime.

Have you anything to say in defense? A. Nothing that I can think of. Concerning this
matter nothing further, but concerning the independence movement I would say that I had
nothing whatever to do with it, and kept free from it, and as an American, told them that I
could have nothing to do with it.

Q. Have you anything else to say? A. When asked by Koreans about this

Independence Movement I said I could say nothing about it, and could give no advice.

Q. What is your Korean name? A. Mo Oi Ri.

The prosecutor then arose and spoke. He said: “From the evidence and from your own
statement it appears that all the students were to be arrested and you in part knew it, or guessed
that the boys who fled to your house, were fleeing. And the boys say that they asked to be hidden
and yet you say you did not know clearly that they were asking protection. This is the same as
knowing, and while there may be a difference in the gravity of the crime yet both are a violation
of the law. The law provides a punishment of imprisonment of two years or less or a fine of
¥200 or less. During March from Seoul to Pyeng Yang the Christian people were all engaged in
demonstrations and this has continued until now and has not yet been quieted, and because of

that while rumors say that certain people are inciting the Koreans it seems that many

have been doing so and are therefore guilty. In the American possessions of Hawaii and the
Philippines there are those who oppose President Wilson, and if in these countries agitators for
independence were concealed by the Japanese there, what would the American officials do? It
would be a crime for the Japanese there to conceal criminals. There is no doubt guilt in this case
even though you say that you did not know it was wrong. It is impossible not to suspect
Christianity in this matter and you concealed those who agitated for independence. Your crime is
a grave one but on one side your taking employee and students who had no place to [go] was in a
sense a manifestation of human kindness (insim). I demand a sentence of six months
imprisonment, (and think that you should look on this as a light sentence), (this last sentence
uncertain - S.A.M.)

The interpreter then spoke. “Did you understand the Procurator’s address?” A. I understood it
fairly well, (taikang turesso.)

Q. Have you anything to say in way of argument?

Mr. Mowry evidently misunderstood the Procurator’s request for a six months sentence, and said:
“What has been decided upon? Is six months the decision?”

Q. Do you consider that you are not guilty? A. Since I said that I had no intention of

concealing them I have committed no crime. If I had been given any information of the
desire to arrest them and had concealed them it would have been wrong, but there was no
such information given me and no attempt to arrest had been made there.

Q. ‘E.M.’ in your name is for what? A. My full name is Eli Miller Mowry.

The judge then said, “The trial is ended. The judgment will be rendered at ten o’clock on

the 19lh.

4/21/1919 - p.7 Mowry trial

The wicker basket was then put on Mr. Mowry’s face and head and he was led off by a
policeman. We went at once to Mr. Itano, a Procurator, not the one in the trial, and asked if in
accord with Japanese law no opportunity was given for securing a lawyer before proceeding to
trial. He said, “You had a right to secure a lawyer, and I sent word to you yesterday afternoon
that the trial would take place today.” We asked when Mr. Mowry knew that his trial was to take
place today, and he said, “yesterday afternoon.” We asked if Mr. Mowry had been asked if he
wished a lawyer. He said, “No, it is not customary except in grave cases.” We said that we had
had no opportunity to secure a lawyer for him since the trial had been brought off so suddenly.

He said that we could have asked for a postponement of the trial. We replied that we were given
no such information. We asked whether in Japanese law [there can be] a request for a new trial,
and he said, “No, but if judgment is rendered an appeal can be taken and a lawyer secured.” We
replied that in case he were acquitted our having no opportunity to secure a lawyer would make
no difference. But that if he were convicted it was a matter of great importance. We remarked
that we had had no opportunity to confer with Mr. Mowry about a lawyer, or a request for
postponement or anything in connection with the case, as in the interviews allowed we were
strictly forbidden to say anything about his case. The Procurator remarked that they had pushed
his case ahead out of consideration for him as they did not care to prolong his confinement. We
then went to the telegraph office and wired a statement of the facts to the consul general.

The word translated “guessed” above is the Korean “chimjak” which may be translated
“guessed, reckoned, supposed.” It does not imply knowledge.

Samuel A. Moffett

(carbon copy in the Samuel Hugh Moffett files of Samuel Austin Moffett papers)

Pyongyang, Korea

April 21, 1919

S.A. Moffett

Rev. A.J. Brown, D.D.
156 5lh Avenue
New York City

Dear Dr. Brown:

These are busy days and I have not been able to send
to have sent.

to you the information I should like

explain t^ef- ^ ^ UP ^ Which ' thmk y0U should ha-- They

r „ Judgme"' was rendered on April 19th, and [it] was for six months penal servitude
Between the sudden trial and the judgment we had secured a lawyer and as soon as judgment was
rendered an appeal was filed and application made for release on bail. Mr. Mowry was out on
bail by two o'clock on the 19*. The American Vice-Consul was present when judgment waf

,. T,l^euApPlfIalJtrial Wi" Probab|y take place between May Is' and 10'\ and doubtless the

h mf ■ C3bled ‘° AmmCa' WC UndCrStand the Sta,e *Unent ^ communicating to you
the information sent by the Consul-General. S y

We have every confidence that Mr. Mowry will be acquitted
course for political reasons the powers that be decide that conviction
the evidence.

in the appeal court unless of
is necessary regardless of

We are living in strange times and under strange conditions and do not know what may

0 pass. J

There is much I want to write but cannot.

1 am sending this to make sure you get these documents.

Very sincerely,

Samuel A. Moffett

Enclosures: 1 copy of statement of search of houses and arrest of Mr. Mowry
1 copy of proceedings at trial of Mr. Mowry

(carbon copy in files of Samuel Hugh Moffett collection of Samuel Austin Moffett papers A
opy also presumably ,n the archival collections of the Presbyterian Historical Society Phila.)

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pyengyang, Korea

June 6, 1919

Honorawe William A. Ashbrook
Johnstown, Ohio, U.S.A.

Dear Brother Will:

names in.

Sallie Willison Fisher Swallen

““•« to » »<*p L””e“' b_"'b" ,b' “«~"y

“ “• b"“i- - b« « y- »r. r»sr" * - b““ « ir?* s.

Two young men died in the Sven rh, u

rjr^j « »“ -» ™ w

pr~to^ri »- ... 1* «,« „

chmh *'T" S s * *« *.

Very Sincerely, your sister

Sallie

(from the Samuel Hugh Moffett collect, on

of Samuel Austin Moffett papers)

KOREA TIMES, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1967

Mswry Case

Dear Sir:

In your paper I read Miss Kirn
So-yong'a article (Oct. 8) con-
cerning Dr. Movvry with much
i Interest.

In my former letter to the ed-
itor on Sept. 30, I referred to
Dr. Uxawa, the first-rate law-
yer in Japan, who won world!
fame for volunteering to Co
fend the case of Mowry. How-
ever, I defined it from the sub-
jective point of view. From the
objective point of view, he wo-
a puppet to perform the act of
the Japanese planner of higher
policy — to set the fire and to
quench the same.

Viewing from the fact that
they forced Dr. Uxawa to volun-
teer to defend the case of Mov,-
ry. we are obliged to conclude
the trial was one of the three
important cases in the history
of criminal affairs Jn Korea. At
the time of the conspiracy case,
they sent Dr. Uxawa and Dr.
Honai, and, In the juncture of
Korea’s independence move-
ment, they sent Uxawa for thr.
case of Dr. Mowry. and Dr. Ha-
nai for the 33 persons who sign-
ed the Declaration of Independ-
ence In 1919.

For the sake of students of
history, I wish to mention how
Dr. Mowry was found guilty.
Immediately after declaration
of Korea’s independence, a lot
of college boy* in Soong-sil In-
stitute gathered in the base-

tious pamphlets as both mis-
sionaries seemed to tacitly al-
low them to do.

The Japanese detectives dis-
covered the fact, but they hesi-
tated to lay hands on them, be-
cause they were afraid to hurt
American feeling. In order to
curry favor with them they got
agreement from American con-
sul-general in Seoul to search
the foreigners’ house though
American missionaries did not
enjoy extraterritorial rights.

The Japanese carefully got
the approval from the Ameri-
can consul-general, and started
to Invade the missionaries’
houses and arrested lots of sus-
picious persons Involved in the
independence movement.

Dr. Moffet narrowly escaped
being- connected with the case
by hfs wit, but Dr. Mowry was
unavoidably found guilty on a
charge of hiding persons involv-
ed In the Independence move-
ment. Unfortunately, one of the
students hidden in Dr. Mowry s
was suffocating and, therefore,
a doctor was sent for to give
first aid, and that was the evi-
dence.

Yours Sincerely,
Song So-am

Chon gno-gu.

Seoul

Letters to the Editor

Interpretation

Dear Sir,

In connection with the 1919
Independence Movement, let
me cite an American mission-
ary who has performed many
heroic deeds In the cause of
Korea. He was the late Dr.
Samuel A. Moffett, who came
to Korea on the same steamer
as Marquis Park Young-hyo
when the latter returned home
from exile In Japan. Dr. Mo-
ITett started his missionary
work tn Pyongyang In 1894.

Korean King Kojong, permit-
ted him to make a special trip
to Pyongan-do an:* Hamkyong-
do, both now In north Korea,
for his mission work. Really,
he was king of the Protestant
Kingdom of Pyongyang.

In 1919, Japanese authorities
called him to the police station,
and told him to help them In
crushing Korea's Independence
movement. But he rejected
their request, Insisting that he
came to Korea for Gospel's
sake, not to become involved
In political affairs.

A few days later, many for-
eign newspaper reporters,
wearing arm-bands of "war
correspondent,” arrived In Ko-
rea from Japan, Peking and
Shanghai, and swarmed Into

Pyongyang.

At that Juncture, Dr. Moffett's
role In Korea's Independence
movement was as an interpre-
ter for the foreign newspaper
reporters. A few days later, Ja-
panese authorities began to re-
ceive telegrams from their su-
periors, saying that distribution
in Korea of ''so-and-so'' foreign
newspapers should be suppress-
ed, in which news of the Ko-
rean cause was reported by
foreign correspondents.

I was too young to know
names of the suppressed papers.
But. as far as I remember, they
Include the Japan Advertiser.
Japan Chronicle, and Shanghai
Gazette.

Within a few years, three fa-
mous books were published in
England and in America, name-
ly. "The Rebirth of Korea'' by
Heung-woo Cynn, "The Case of
Korea" by Henry Chung, and
"Korea’s Fight for Freedom,”
by F.A. MacKenoie. Those
works were all based on the
telegrams of foreign correspon-
dents who dispatched stories on
Korea’s movement. Those three
works were indebted to the role
of Dr. Moffett's Interpretation.

Yours sincerely.

Song So- am

Chungsln-dong
Chongno-gu, Seoul
. •/

MAY FREE OHIO MISSIONARY

Korean Court Reserves Derision In
Case of Rev. E. M. Mowry.

Seoul. Korea. Thursday. Aug. 21 (By
the Associated Press).— The supreme
court, which heard the appeal of the
Rev. Ell Miller Mowry. of Mansfield,
Ohio, a Presbyterian missionary, from
conviction on a charge of having
sheltered Korean agitators, has re-
served decision.

M. Osawa. Mr. Mowry * lawyer, ex-
pressed the opinion that the court
will either acquit Mr. Mowry or order
a new trla’ In the court of appeals.

Late In April of this year the Rev.
Mr. Mowry was found guilty of shel-
tering Korean agitators and was sen-
tenced to six months' Imprisonment
at hard labor. The decision was ap-
pealed by him to the appeal court,
which ordered Mr. Mowry to servo
four months' penal servitude, but sus-
pended the sentonce for two years.
Mr. Mowry at once took an appeal to
the supreme court.

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Full text of "Korean Independence Movement - Binder 1 - Mowry Case"

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